Dr. rer. nat. Peter Koch
Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter
Claus
von der Burchard,
Helge
Sudkamp,
Jan
Tode,
Christoph
Ehlken,
K.
Purtskhvanidze,
Moritz
Moltmann,
B.
Heimes,
Peter
Koch,
Michael
Münst,
Malte
vom Endt,
Timo
Kepp,
Dirk
Theisen-Kunde,
Inke R.
König,
Gereon
Hüttmann, and
Johann
Roider,
Self-Examination Low-Cost Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography (SELFF-OCT) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study, BMJ Open , vol. 12, no. 6, pp. e055082, 2022.
Self-Examination Low-Cost Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography (SELFF-OCT) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study, BMJ Open , vol. 12, no. 6, pp. e055082, 2022.
DOI: | 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055082 |
File: | e055082.abstract |
Bibtex: | @article{von-der-Burchardt2022, author = {von der Burchard, C;Sudkamp, H;Tode, J;Ehlken, C;Purtskhvanidze, K;Moltmann, M;Heimes, B;Koch, P;Münst, M;vom Endt, M;Kepp, T;Theisen-Kunde, D;König, I;Hüttmann, G and Roider, J}, title = {Self-Examination Low-Cost Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography (SELFF-OCT) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study}, journal = {BMJ Open}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {e055082}, DOI = {10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055082}, url = {http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/6/e055082.abstract}, year = {2022}, type = {Journal Article} } |
Michel
Wunderlich,
Peter
Koch,
Helge
Sudkamp,
Michael
Münst,
Malte
Endt,
Moritz
Moltmann, and
Gereon
Hüttmann,
Eye tracking with off-axis full-field OCT by local analysis of recorded interferograms, in Ophthalmic Technologies XXXI , Daniel X. Hammer and Karen M. Joos and Daniel V. Palanker, Eds. SPIE, 2021. pp. 116231Q.
Eye tracking with off-axis full-field OCT by local analysis of recorded interferograms, in Ophthalmic Technologies XXXI , Daniel X. Hammer and Karen M. Joos and Daniel V. Palanker, Eds. SPIE, 2021. pp. 116231Q.
DOI: | 10.1117/12.2583030 |
File: | 12.2583030 |
Bibtex: | @inproceedings{10.1117/12.2583030, author = {Michel Wunderlich and Peter Koch and Helge Sudkamp and Michael M{\"u}nst and Malte vom Endt and Moritz Moltmann and Gereon H{\"u}ttmann}, title = {{Eye tracking with off-axis full-field OCT by local analysis of recorded interferograms}}, volume = {11623}, booktitle = {Ophthalmic Technologies XXXI}, editor = {Daniel X. Hammer and Karen M. Joos and Daniel V. Palanker}, organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics}, publisher = {SPIE}, pages = {116231Q}, keywords = {Retinal motion tracking in Off-Axis Full-Field OCT by local analy, Michel Wunderlich, Medizinsches Laserzentrum Lübeck, motion tracking, eye tracking, off-axis full-field time-domain OCT, OCT, retina}, year = {2021}, doi = {10.1117/12.2583030}, URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2583030} } |
Helge
Sudkamp,
Dierck
Hillmann,
Peter
Koch,
Malte
vom Endt,
Hendrik
Spahr,
Michael
Münst,
Clara
Pfäffle,
Reginald
Birngruber, and
Gereon
Hüttmann,
Simple approach for aberration-corrected OCT imaging of the human retina, Opt Lett , vol. 43, no. 17, pp. 4224, 08 2018.
Simple approach for aberration-corrected OCT imaging of the human retina, Opt Lett , vol. 43, no. 17, pp. 4224, 08 2018.
DOI: | 10.1364/ol.43.004224 |
Bibtex: | @article{Sudkamp2018a, author = {Sudkamp, H; Hillmann, D; Koch, P;vom Endt, M; Spahr, H; Münst, M; Pfäffle, C; Birngruber, R and Hüttmann, G}, title = {Simple approach for aberration-corrected OCT imaging of the human retina}, journal = {Opt Lett}, pages = {4224}, ISSN = {0146-9592 1539-4794}, DOI = {10.1364/ol.43.004224}, year = {2018}, type = {Journal Article}, keyword = {Retome} } |
Clara
Pfäffle,
Hendrik
Spahr,
Dierck
Hillmann,
Helge
Sudkamp,
Gesa
Franke,
Peter
Koch, and
Gereon
Hüttmann,
Reduction of frame rate in full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography by numerical motion correction [Invited], Biomedical Optics Express , vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1499-1511, 03 2017.
Reduction of frame rate in full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography by numerical motion correction [Invited], Biomedical Optics Express , vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1499-1511, 03 2017.
DOI: | 10.1364/BOE.8.001499 |
Weblink: | https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.8.001499 |
File: | abstract.cfm |
Bibtex: | @article{Pfäffle2017, author = {Pfäffle, Clara and Spahr, Hendrik and Hillmann, Dierck and Sudkamp, Helge and Franke, Gesa and Koch, Peter and Hüttmann, Gereon}, title = {Reduction of frame rate in full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography by numerical motion correction [Invited]}, journal = {Biomedical Optics Express}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {1499-1511}, keywords = {Image reconstruction-restoration Optical coherence tomography}, url = {http://www.osapublishing.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-8-3-1499}, year = {2017}, type = {Journal Article} } |
Gianni
Borghesan,
Mouloud
Ourak,
Eva
Lankenau,
Richard
Neffin,
Peter
Koch,
Hinnerk
Schulz-Hildebrandt,
Koen
Willekens,
Peter
Stalmans,
Dominiek
Reynaerts, and
Emmanuel Vander
Poorten,
Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis and Particle Filtering for real-time retina detection from a single-fiber OCT, in Proceedings of the 7th Joint Workshop on New Technologies for Computer/Robot Assisted Surgery , 2017.
Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis and Particle Filtering for real-time retina detection from a single-fiber OCT, in Proceedings of the 7th Joint Workshop on New Technologies for Computer/Robot Assisted Surgery , 2017.
Weblink: | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320532046 |
Bibtex: | @conference{Borghesan2017, title = {Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis and Particle Filtering for real-time retina detection from a single-fiber OCT}, author = {Gianni Borghesan and Mouloud Ourak and Eva Lankenau and Richard Neffin and Peter Koch and Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt and Koen Willekens and Peter Stalmans and Dominiek Reynaerts and Emmanuel Vander Poorten}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-06-02}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th Joint Workshop on New Technologies for Computer/Robot Assisted Surgery}, abstract = {Vitreo-retinal surgery concerns a set of particularly demanding micro-surgical interventions that take place at the back of the eye. Examples of such procedures are retinal vein cannulation (where the surgeon aims to insert a needle in a vein of the size of human hairs) and epiretinal membrane peeling (where a detached membrane must be removed from the retina). As severe retinal damage can be caused by undesired collisions, good instrument to retina distance perception would be very useful. We propose to use an OCT-fiber instrumented tool, and purposefully designed algorithms to interpret the measurements and extract a reliable real-time distance estimate. This abstract describes the progress that was made and includes a test conducted with a robotic platform on a synthetic eye mockup.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {conference} } |
Helge
Sudkamp,
Peter
Koch,
Hendrik
Spahr,
Dierck
Hillmann,
Gesa
Franke,
Michael
Münst,
Fred
Reinholz,
Reginald
Birngruber, and
Gereon
Hüttmann,
In-vivo retinal imaging with off-axis full-field time-domain optical coherence tomography, Optics Letters , vol. 41, no. 21, pp. 4987-4990, Nov. 2016.
In-vivo retinal imaging with off-axis full-field time-domain optical coherence tomography, Optics Letters , vol. 41, no. 21, pp. 4987-4990, Nov. 2016.
DOI: | 10.1364/OL.41.004987 |
File: | abstract.cfm |
Bibtex: | @article{RN4897, author = {Sudkamp, Helge and Koch, Peter and Spahr, Hendrik and Hillmann, Dierck and Franke, Gesa and Münst, Michael and Reinholz, Fred and Birngruber, Reginald and Hüttmann, Gereon}, title = {In-vivo retinal imaging with off-axis full-field time-domain optical coherence tomography}, journal = {Optics Letters}, volume = {41}, number = {21}, pages = {4987-4990}, DOI = {10.1364/OL.41.004987}, url = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-41-21-4987}, year = {2016}, type = {Journal Article} } |
Hendrik
Spahr,
Dierck
Hillmann,
Carola
Hain,
Clara
Pfäffle,
Helge
Sudkamp,
Gesa
Franke,
Peter
Koch, and
Gereon
Hüttmann,
Darstellung von Blutfluss und Pulsation in retinalen Gefäßen mit Full-Field-Swept-Source-OCT, Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd , vol. 233, no. 12, pp. 1324-1330, Oct. 2016.
Darstellung von Blutfluss und Pulsation in retinalen Gefäßen mit Full-Field-Swept-Source-OCT, Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd , vol. 233, no. 12, pp. 1324-1330, Oct. 2016.
DOI: | 10.1055/s-0042-120279 |
Bibtex: | @article{Spahr2016, author = {Spahr, H. and Hillmann, D. and Hain, C. and Pfäffle, C. and Sudkamp, H. and Franke, G. and Koch, P. and Hüttmann, G.}, title = {Darstellung von Blutfluss und Pulsation in retinalen Gefäßen mit Full-Field-Swept-Source-OCT}, journal = {Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd}, volume = {233}, number = {12}, pages = {1324-1330}, ISSN = {0023-2165}, DOI = {10.1055/s-0042-120279}, year = {2016}, type = {Journal Article} } |
Dierck
Hillmann,
Gesa
Franke,
Laura
Hinkel,
Tim
Bonin,
Peter
Koch, and
Gereon
Hüttmann,
Off-axis full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography using holographic refocusing, pp. 857104-857104, 2013.
Off-axis full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography using holographic refocusing, pp. 857104-857104, 2013.
DOI: | 10.1117/12.2006436 |
File: | 12.2006436 |
Bibtex: | @article{Hillmann2013, author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Franke, Gesa and Hinkel, Laura and Bonin, Tim and Koch, Peter and Hüttmann, Gereon}, title = {Off-axis full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography using holographic refocusing}, pages = {857104-857104}, note = {10.1117/12.2006436}, abstract = {We demonstrate a full-field swept-source OCT using an off-axis geometry of the reference illumination. By using holographic refocusing techniques, a uniform lateral resolution is achieved over the measurement depth of approximately 80 Rayleigh lengths. Compared to a standard on-axis setup, artifacts and autocorrelation signals are suppressed and the measurement depth is doubled by resolving the complex conjugate ambiguity. Holographic refocusing was done efficiently by Fourier-domain resampling as demonstrated before in inverse scattering and holoscopy. It allowed to reconstruct a complete volume with about 10μm resolution over the complete measurement depth of more than 10mm. Off-axis full-field swept-source OCT enables high measurement depths, spanning many Rayleigh lengths with reduced artifacts.}, DOI = {10.1117/12.2006436}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2006436}, year = {2013}, type = {Journal Article} } |
Gesa Lilith
Franke,
Dierck
Hillmann,
Christian
Luhrs,
Peter
Koch,
Jörn
Wollenzin, and
Gereon
Hüttmann,
Towards microscopic resolution in holoscopy, pp. 85711O-85711O, 2013.
Towards microscopic resolution in holoscopy, pp. 85711O-85711O, 2013.
DOI: | 10.1117/12.2006806 |
File: | 12.2006806 |
Bibtex: | @article{Franke2013, author = {Franke, Gesa Lilith and Hillmann, Dierck and Lührs, Christian and Koch, Peter and Wollenzin, Jörn and Hüttmann, Gereon}, title = {Towards microscopic resolution in holoscopy}, pages = {85711O-85711O}, note = {10.1117/12.2006806}, abstract = {Holoscopy is a new imaging approach combining digital holography and full-field Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. The interference pattern between light scattered by a sample and a defined reference wave is recorded and processed numerically. During reconstruction numerical refocusing is applied, overcoming the limitation of the focal depth and thus a uniform, diffraction limited lateral resolution over the whole measurement depth can be obtained. The advantage of numerical refocusing becomes especially significant for imaging at high numerical apertures (NAs). We use a high-resolution setup based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an high-resolution microscope objective (NA = 0.75). For reliable reconstruction of a sample volume the Rayleigh length of the microscope objective and the axial resolution, given by the spectral range of the light source, need to be matched. For a 0.75 NA objective a tunable light source with a sweeping range of ! 300nm is required. Here we present as a first step a tunable Ti:sapphire laser with a tuning range of 187 nm. By characterizing the spectral properties of the Ti:sapphire laser and determining the axial point spread function we demonstrate the feasibility of this light source for high-resolution holoscopy.}, DOI = {10.1117/12.2006806}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2006806}, year = {2013}, type = {Journal Article} } |
Peer K
Fink,
Dierck
Hillmann,
Gesa L
Franke,
Dirk
Ramm, and
P
Koch,
Stray light rejection by structured illumination, in Studierendentagung , Universität zu Lübeck, 2013.
Stray light rejection by structured illumination, in Studierendentagung , Universität zu Lübeck, 2013.
Gesa Lilith
Franke,
Dierck
Hillmann,
Thorsten
Claussen,
Christian
Luhrs, and
Peter
Koch,
High resolution holoscopy, Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin, Eds. SPIE, 2012. pp. 821324.
High resolution holoscopy, Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin, Eds. SPIE, 2012. pp. 821324.
File: | 12.911166 |
Bibtex: | @inproceedings{Franke-2012, author = {Franke, Gesa Lilith and Hillmann, Dierck and Claussen, Thorsten and Luhrs, Christian and Koch, Peter and Huttmann, Gereon}, title = {High resolution holoscopy}, editor = {Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin}, publisher = {SPIE}, volume = {8213}, pages = {821324}, URL = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911166}, year = { 2012} } |
D.
Hillmann,
T.
Bonin,
C.
Luhrs,
G.
Franke,
M.
Hagen-Eggert, and
P.
Koch,
Common approach for compensation of axial motion artifacts in swept-source OCT and dispersion in Fourier-domain OCT, Opt Express , vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 6761--6776, 2012.
Common approach for compensation of axial motion artifacts in swept-source OCT and dispersion in Fourier-domain OCT, Opt Express , vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 6761--6776, 2012.
Dierck
Hillmann,
Gesa
Franke,
Christian
Luhrs, and
Peter
Koch,
Efficient holoscopy image reconstruction, Opt. Express , vol. 20, no. 19, pp. 21247-21263, 2012.
Efficient holoscopy image reconstruction, Opt. Express , vol. 20, no. 19, pp. 21247-21263, 2012.
Dierck
Hillmann,
Tim
Bonin,
Christian
Luhrs,
Gesa
Franke,
Martin
Hagen-Eggert, and
Peter
Koch,
Common approach for compensation of axial motion artifacts in swept-source OCT and dispersion in Fourier-domain OCT, Opt. Express , vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 6761-6776, 2012.
Common approach for compensation of axial motion artifacts in swept-source OCT and dispersion in Fourier-domain OCT, Opt. Express , vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 6761-6776, 2012.
M.
Hagen-Eggert, and
P.
Koch,
Analysis of the signal fall-off in spectral domain optical coherence tomography systems, Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin, Eds. SPIE, 2012. pp. 82131K.
Analysis of the signal fall-off in spectral domain optical coherence tomography systems, Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin, Eds. SPIE, 2012. pp. 82131K.
File: | 12.910921 |
Bibtex: | @inproceedings{Hagen-Eggert, author = {Hagen-Eggert, M. and Koch, P. and Huttmann, G.}, title = {Analysis of the signal fall-off in spectral domain optical coherence tomography systems}, editor = {Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin}, publisher = {SPIE}, volume = {8213}, pages = {82131K}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.910921}, year = { 2012} } |
Dierck
Hillmann,
Christian
Luhrs,
Tim
Bonin,
Peter
Koch, and
Alfred
Vogel,
Holoscopy: holographic optical coherence tomography, Rainer, A. Leitgeb and Brett, E. Bouma, Eds. Proc. SPIE, 2011. pp. 80911H.
Holoscopy: holographic optical coherence tomography, Rainer, A. Leitgeb and Brett, E. Bouma, Eds. Proc. SPIE, 2011. pp. 80911H.
M.
Hagen-Eggert,
D.
Hillmann, and
P.
Koch,
Diffusion-sensitive Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography, James, G. Fujimoto and Joseph, A. Izatt and Valery, V. Tuchin, Eds. SPIE, 2011. pp. 78892B.
Diffusion-sensitive Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography, James, G. Fujimoto and Joseph, A. Izatt and Valery, V. Tuchin, Eds. SPIE, 2011. pp. 78892B.
File: | 12.873815.short |
Bibtex: | @inproceedings{Hagen-Eggert2011, author = {Hagen-Eggert, M. and Hillmann, D. and Koch, P. and Huttmann, G.}, title = {Diffusion-sensitive Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography}, editor = {James, G. Fujimoto and Joseph, A. Izatt and Valery, V. Tuchin}, publisher = {SPIE}, volume = {7889}, pages = {78892B}, } |
Tim
Bonin, and
Peter
Koch,
Comparison of fast swept source full-field OCT with conventional scanning OCT, Rainer, A. Leitgeb and Brett, E. Bouma, Eds. SPIE, 2011. pp. 80911K.
Comparison of fast swept source full-field OCT with conventional scanning OCT, Rainer, A. Leitgeb and Brett, E. Bouma, Eds. SPIE, 2011. pp. 80911K.
Tim
Bonin,
Martin
Hagen-Eggert,
Gesa
Franke, and
Peter
Koch,
Ultra highspeed in-vivo Fourier domain full-field OCT of the human retina, James, G. Fujimoto and Joseph, A. Izatt and Valery, V. Tuchin, Eds. SPIE, 2011. pp. 788906.
Ultra highspeed in-vivo Fourier domain full-field OCT of the human retina, James, G. Fujimoto and Joseph, A. Izatt and Valery, V. Tuchin, Eds. SPIE, 2011. pp. 788906.
D.
Hillmann,
C.
Luhrs,
T.
Bonin, and
P.
Koch,
Holoscopy--holographic optical coherence tomography, Opt Lett , vol. 36, no. 13, pp. 2390-2, 2011.
Holoscopy--holographic optical coherence tomography, Opt Lett , vol. 36, no. 13, pp. 2390-2, 2011.
DOI: | 10.1364/OL.36.002390 |
File: | 21725421 |
Bibtex: | @article{Hillmann2011-1, author = {Hillmann, D. and Luhrs, C. and Bonin, T. and Koch, P. and Huttmann, G.}, title = {Holoscopy--holographic optical coherence tomography}, journal = {Opt Lett}, volume = {36}, number = {13}, pages = {2390-2}, abstract = {Scanning optical coherence tomography (OCT) is limited in sensitivity and resolution by the restricted focal depth of the confocal detection scheme. Holoscopy, a combination of holography and Fourier-domain full-field OCT, is proposed as a way to detect photons from all depths of a sample volume simultaneously with uniform sensitivity and lateral resolution, even at high NAs. By using the scalar diffraction theory, as frequently applied in digital holographic imaging, we fully reconstruct the object field with depth-invariant imaging quality. In vivo imaging of human skin is demonstrated with an image quality comparable to conventionally scanned OCT.}, keywords = {Fingers Fourier Analysis Holography/*methods Humans Photons Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods}, ISSN = {1539-4794 (Electronic) 0146-9592 (Linking)}, DOI = {10.1364/OL.36.002390}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21725421}, year = {2011}, type = {Journal Article} } |
T.
Bonin,
G.
Franke,
M.
Hagen-Eggert, and
P.
Koch,
In vivo Fourier-domain full-field OCT of the human retina with 1.5 million A-lines/s., .... Opt Lett. 2010 Oct 15;35(20):3432-4. doi: 10.1364/OL.35.003432., 2010.
In vivo Fourier-domain full-field OCT of the human retina with 1.5 million A-lines/s., .... Opt Lett. 2010 Oct 15;35(20):3432-4. doi: 10.1364/OL.35.003432., 2010.
Joachim
Probst,
Dierck
Hillmann,
Eva
Lankenau,
Stefan
Oelckers, and
Peter
Koch,
Optical coherence tomography with online visualization of more than seven rendered volumes per second, Journal of Biomedical Optics , vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 026014, 2010.
Optical coherence tomography with online visualization of more than seven rendered volumes per second, Journal of Biomedical Optics , vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 026014, 2010.
Dierck
Hillmann, and
Peter
Koch,
Using nonequispaced fast Fourier transformation to process optical coherence tomography signals, Peter, E. Andersen and Brett, E. Bouma, Eds. SPIE, 2009. pp. 73720R.
Using nonequispaced fast Fourier transformation to process optical coherence tomography signals, Peter, E. Andersen and Brett, E. Bouma, Eds. SPIE, 2009. pp. 73720R.
File: | ECBO.2009.7372_0R |
Bibtex: | @inproceedings{Hillmann, author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Huttmann, Gereon and Koch, Peter}, title = {Using nonequispaced fast Fourier transformation to process optical coherence tomography signals}, editor = {Peter, E. Andersen and Brett, E. Bouma}, publisher = {SPIE}, volume = {7372}, pages = {73720R}, url = { https://doi.org/10.1364/ECBO.2009.7372_0R}, year = { 2009} } |
A.
Giese,
H.J.
Böhringer,
J.
Leppert,
S.R.
Kandelhardt,
E.
Lankenau, and
P.
Koch,
Non-invasive intraoperative optical coherence tomography of the resection cavity during surgery of intrinsic brain tumors., Proc SPIE , vol. 6078, pp. 495-502, 2006.
Non-invasive intraoperative optical coherence tomography of the resection cavity during surgery of intrinsic brain tumors., Proc SPIE , vol. 6078, pp. 495-502, 2006.
File: | 12.674436.short |
Bibtex: | @article{Giese2006, author = {Giese, A. and Böhringer, H.J. and Leppert, J. and Kandelhardt, S.R. and Lankenau, E. and Koch, P. and Birngruber, R. and Hüttmann, G.}, title = {Non-invasive intraoperative optical coherence tomography of the resection cavity during surgery of intrinsic brain tumors.}, journal = {Proc SPIE}, volume = {6078}, pages = {495-502}, year = { 2006}, url = {https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/6078/60782Z/Non-invasive-intraoperative-optical-coherence-tomography-of-the-resection-cavity/10.1117/12.674436.short}, type = {Proceeding} } |