@misc{Framme,
   author = {Framme, C and Schüle, G and Kobuch, K and Flucke, B and Birngruber, R and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Investigation of Selective Retina Treatment (SRT) by Means of 8 ns Laser Pulses in a Rabbit Model},
   volume = {40},
   pages = {20-27},
   year = {2008}
}

@article{Schüle,
   author = {Schüle, G and Rumohr, M and Hüttmann, G and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {RPE damage thresholds and mechanisms for laser exposure in the µs to ms time regimen},
   journal = {Inv Ophthalmol & Vis Sci},
   volume = {46},
   number = {2},
   pages = {714-719},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Schüle,
   author = {Schüle, G. and Framme, C. and Roider, J. and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Noninvasive optoacoustic temperature determination at the fundus of the eye during laser irradiation},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {9},
   number = {1},
   pages = {173-179},
   year = {2004}
}

@article{Framme,
   author = {Framme, C and Schüle, G and Birngruber, R and Roider, J and Schütt, F and Kopitz, J and Holz, F and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Temperature dependent fluorescence of A2-E, the main fluorescent lipofuscin component in the RPE},
   journal = {Curr Eye Res},
   volume = {29},
   number = {4-5},
   pages = {287-291},
   year = {2004}
}

@misc{Framme,
   author = {Framme, C. and Schule, G. and Roider, J. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Online autofluorescence measurements during selective RPE laser treatment},
   volume = {242},
   number = {10},
   pages = {863-9},
   month = {Oct},
   note = {0721-832X (Print)
Journal Article},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fundus autofluorescence (AF) is derived from the lipofuscin contained by the retinal pigment epithelial cells. Using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope, two-dimensional AF measurements of the ocular fundus can be achieved. Directly after conventional photocoagulation and also after selective RPE laser treatment (SRT) with ophthalmoscopically non-visible laser lesions, irradiated areas reveal reduced AF, indicating RPE damage. Since the green treatment laser beam could also be used for AF excitation, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether absolute measurements of AF can be performed, and also possible changes in AF detected, online during SRT. METHODS: SRT was carried out by use of a frequency-doubled Nd:YLF laser (wavelength 527 nm, pulse duration 1.7 micros, repetition rate 500 and 100 Hz, number of pulses 100 and 30, single pulse energy 50-130 microJ) in vitro (porcine RPE; retinal spot size 160 microm) and during patient treatment (retinal spot size 176 microm). During irradiation, fluorescence light from the RPE was decoupled from the laser light inside the slit lamp and detected by a photomultiplier or photodiode at wavelengths above 550 nm. Additionally, temperature-dependent fluorescence intensity measurements of A2-E, the main fluorescent component of lipofuscin, were performed in a different in-vitro setup. RESULTS: The intensity of AF decreased over the number of applied pulses during laser irradiation, and this trend was more pronounced in porcine RPE samples than during human treatment. In vitro, the AF intensity decreased by about 22%; however, only a weak signal was detected. When treating patients, the AF intensity was strong and the rate of decay of fluorescence intensity with number of pulses was greater when irradiating at 500 Hz than at the 100 Hz repetition rate. However, for both repetition rates the AF decay was merely up to 6-8% over the number of pulses per laser spot. Fluorescence intensity of A2-E decreased linearly with increasing temperature at about 1% per 1 degrees C and was completely reversible. CONCLUSIONS: Online measurements of AF during selective RPE laser treatment are possible and reveal a decay in AF as a function of the number of laser pulses applied to the RPE. If A2-E results can be transferred to RPE fluorescence, the AF decay could be related to the temperature increase within the tissue during treatment. Further clinical studies-in SRT as well as in conventional laser photocoagulation-might be able to show online AF changes on different areas of the retina and on different pathologies. Due to the temperature dependence of the fluorescence, on-line AF measurements during laser treatments such as photocoagulation or TTT may be able to be used as a real-time method for temperature monitoring.},
   keywords = {Animals
Diabetic Retinopathy/*surgery
*Fluorescence
Humans
*Laser Coagulation
Lasers/diagnostic use
Lipofuscin/*metabolism
Ophthalmoscopy/methods
Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*metabolism/surgery
Swine},
   year = {2004}
}

@article{Brinkmann2003,
   author = {Brinkmann, R. and Koop, N. and Ozdemir, M. and Alt, C. and Schule, G. and Lin, C. P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Targeting of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by means of a rapidly scanned continuous wave (CW) laser beam},
   journal = {Lasers Surg Med},
   volume = {32(4)},
  year = { 2003},
url = { https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lsm.10150},
   pages = {252-64},
   note = {0196-8092 (Print)}
}

@article{Brinkmann2002,
   author = {Brinkmann, R  and Koop, N and Özdemir, M  and Alt, C and Schüle, G and Lin, C P and Birngruber, R},
   title = {Selective damage of pigmented cells by means of a rapidly scanned cw laser beam},
   journal = {Proc SPIE},
   volume = {4617},
   pages = {134-140},
   year = {2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Roider2001,
   author = {Roider, J; Brinkmann, R, Framme, C; Schule, G, Joachimeyer, E; Wirbelauer, C; Kracht, D, Laqua, H and Birngruber, R},
   title = {Selective RPE laser treatment in macular diseases: Clinical results.},
   journal = {Invest Ophthal & VisScie},
   
   pages = {S695-S695},
   note = {Suppl. S
427EP
3741
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000168392103704},
   year = {2001},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Schüle,
   author = {Schüle, G. and Hüttmann, G. and Roider, J. and Wirbelauer, C. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Optoacoustic measurements during µs-irradiation of the retinal pigment epithelium},
   journal = {Proc. SPIE},
   volume = {3914A},
   year = {2000}
}