@article{Vogel1997,
   author = {Vogel, A. and Günther, T. and Asiyo-Vogel, M. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Factors determining the refractive effects of intrastromal photorefractive keratectomy with the picosecond laser},
   journal = {J Cataract Refract Surg},
   volume = {23},
   number = {9},
   pages = {1301-1310},
   abstract = {To determine the relationship between laser parameters and tissue removal with picosecond laser intrastromal photorefractive keratectomy (ISPRK) and to assess the effect of the parameters on the healing process and the long-term refractive changes.},
   keywords = {Animals
Corneal Stroma
Follow-Up Studies
Lasers, Excimer
Microscopy, Polarization
Photorefractive Keratectomy
Refraction, Ocular
Refractive Errors
Swine
Wound Healing
pathology
physiopathology
surgery
adverse effects
methods
physiology
etiology},
   year = {1997}
}

@article{Vogel1997,
   author = {Vogel, A. and Gunther, T. and Asiyo-Vogel, M. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Investigations on the origin of refractive effects in intrastromal refractive surgery with the picosecond laser},
   journal = {Ophthalmologe},
   volume = {94},
   number = {7},
   pages = {467-474},
   note = {Yp140
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:21},
   abstract = {Background: Picosecond laser intrastromal photorefractive keratectomy (ISPRK) aims at achieving a flattening of the central cornea by plasma-mediated tissue evaporation without affecting the anterior or posterior corneal layers. We investigated the laser-induced tissue effects to establish a functional relationship between laser parameters and tissue removal and to assess their influence on the healing process and long-term refractive changes.
Materials and methods: A modified ISL 2001 System with a cone angle of 30 degrees was used for in vitro investigations of the laser effects in water and porcine cornea. Photographic methods were used to determine the plasma volume and the thickness of the laser-generated intrastromal bubble layer as a function of the pulse energy and the number and separation in which the pulses were applied (216 eyes). Histological evaluation was done by polarization microscopy (9 eyes).
Results: Polarization microscopy revealed only minor signs of thermal tissue damage. The maximum amount of tissue that can be evaporated without damaging the outer corneal layers corresponds to a layer about 10 mu m thick. With a 6-mm optical zone, this tissue removal yields an immediate refractive effect of only 0.85 dpt. Stronger long-term refractive changes observed in animal experiments and clinical studies must thus be due to the healing response of the cornea. The healing response may be induced by mechanical distortion due to intrastromal bubble formation affecting about one third of the corneal thickness.
Conclusion: Since the refractive effects are apparently strongly influenced by corneal healing, they are poorly predictable and can probably not be used for clinical purposes.},
   keywords = {refractive surgery
intrastromal photorefractive keratectomy
picosecond laser
photodisruption
cavitation
photorefractive keratectomy
intraocular photodisruption
corneal tissue
pulses},
   ISSN = {0941-293X},
   DOI = {DOI 10.1007/s003470050141},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000071246700001},
   year = {1997},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Vogel1997,
   author = {Vogel, Alfred and Günther, Thomas and Birngruber, Reginald and Asyo-Vogel, M},
   title = {Untersuchungen zur Entstehung von Refraktionseffekten bei der intrastromalen refraktiven Hornhautchirurgie mit dem Pikosekundenlaser},
   journal = {Der Ophthalmologe},
   volume = {94},
   number = {7},
   pages = {467-474},
   keywords = {Schlüsselwörter Refraktive Hornhautchirurgie
Intrastromale photorefraktive Keratektomie
Pikosekundenlaser
Photodisruption
Kavitation
Key words Refractive surgery
Intrastromal photorefractive keratectomy
Picosecond laser
Cavitation},
   ISSN = {0941-293X},
   DOI = {10.1007/s003470050141},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003470050141},
   year = {1997},
   type = {Journal Article}
}