@article{Birngruber1981,
   author = {Birngruber, R. and Gabel, V. P.},
   title = {Ophthalmology as a Pioneer in the Use of Lasers in Medicine},
   journal = {Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde},
   volume = {178},
   number = {3},
   pages = {229-229},
   note = {Lq030
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0023-2165},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1981LQ03000039},
   year = {1981},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Lorenz1981,
   author = {Lorenz, B. and Birngruber, R. and Gabel, V. P. and Kampik, A.},
   title = {Netzhautveränderungen innerhalb von ringförmigen Laserkoagulationen aufgrund von Zirkulationsstörungen in der Aderhaut.},
   journal = {Ber Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges},
   volume = {78},
   pages = {607-611},
   year = {1981},
url ={ https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-88589-1_118},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Birngruber1981,
   author = {Birngruber, R. and Weinberg, W. and Gabel, V. P.},
   title = {Der Einfluß der Expositionsparameter auf die Schadensausdehnung bei der Netzhautkoagulation, dargestellt anhand eines thermischen Modells.},
   journal = {Ber Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges},
   volume = {78},
   pages = {599-602},
   year = {1981},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Lorenz1981,
   author = {Lorenz, B. and Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Functional and Morphological-Studies on the Choroid inside Ring-Shaped Laser Coagulations},
   journal = {Ophthalmic Research},
   volume = {13},
   number = {5},
   pages = {267-267},
   note = {Mc979
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0030-3747},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1981MC97900044},
   year = {1981},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Weinberg1981,
   author = {Weinberg, W and Gabel, V P and Birngruber, Reginald and Lorenz, B and Müller, W},
   title = {Die zeitliche Entwicklung der Weißfärbung in Korrelation zur Schadensausdehnung bei der Photokoagulation der Netzhaut},
   journal = {Ber Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges},
   volume = {78},
   pages = {603-606},
   year = {1981},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Weinberg1981,
   author = {Weinberg, W. and Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R. and Hillenkamp, F.},
   title = {Correlation of the Extent of Lesions with Exposition Parameters in Retinal Photo-Coagulation},
   journal = {Ophthalmic Research},
   volume = {13},
   number = {5},
   pages = {273-273},
   note = {Mc979
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0030-3747},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1981MC97900061},
   year = {1981},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Gabel1981,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {A comparative study of threshold laser lesions in the retinae of human volunteers and rabbits},
   journal = {Health Phys},
   volume = {40},
   number = {2},
   pages = {238-40},
   note = {0017-9078 (Print)
Comparative Study
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Adult
Animals
Humans
Lasers/*adverse effects
Middle Aged
Rabbits
Retina/*injuries},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=7216803},
   year = {1981},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inbook{Birngruber1980,
   author = {Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Thermal Modeling in Biological Tissues},
   booktitle = {Lasers in Biology and Medicine},
   editor = {Hillenkamp F, Pratesi R, Sacchi CA},
   series = {Nato Advanced Study Institute Series A-Life Sciences},
   address = {New York},
   volume = {34},
   pages = {77-97},
   year = {1980}
}

@article{Boergen1980,
   author = {Boergen, K. P. and Birngruber, R. and Gabel, V. P. and Göttinger, W.},
   title = {[Possibilities for ocular vessel coagulation (author's transl)]},
   journal = {Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd},
   volume = {177},
   number = {4},
   pages = {492-9},
   note = {0023-2165 (Print)
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   abstract = {Present-day possibilities of influencing pathological ocular vessels using an argon laser are presented. A distinction is made here between indirect methods such as area coagulation and direct methods with which specific vessels are treated. Whereas clinical tests involving vessel coagulation with pigmented epithelium absorption have already been carried out more or less successfully, selective vessel coagulation with hemoglobin absorption is still largely at the experimental stage. Our own experiments on animals have shown, however, that with the selection of a suitable coagulation technique and the use of suitable exposure parameters, vessel occlusion can be induced with the argon laser. To achieve this, shortening of the exposure times is particularly necessary.},
   keywords = {Aged
Animals
Diabetic Retinopathy/*surgery
Humans
Lasers/*methods/*therapeutic use
Mesentery/blood supply
Middle Aged
Neovascularization, Pathologic
Rats
Retinal Vessels/*radiation effects},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=6166787},
   year = {1980},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Gabel1980,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Nichtionisiernde Strahlung: anwendung, Wirkungen, Schutzmaßnahmen, Strahlenbelastung bei speziellen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Eingriffen, Strahlenexposition bei der Computertomographie},
   journal = {Strahlenschutz Forsch Prax, Sonderdruck},
   volume = {20},
   pages = {57-64},
   note = {0081-5888 (Print)
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Animals
Eye Injuries/etiology/prevention & control
Humans
Lasers/*adverse effects
Occupational Diseases/prevention & control
Rabbits
Radiation Effects
*Radiation Protection},
   year = {1980}
}

@inproceedings{Weinberg1980,
   author = {Weinberg, W and Birngruber, Reginald and Gabel, V P and Kain, H},
   title = {Influence of Choroidal Blood Flow in Retinal Laser Coagulation},
   booktitle = {Proc. 3rd Internat Congress for Laser Surgery, Part II},
   editor = {Kaplan I, Asher PW},
   series = {Laser Surgery},
   publisher = {OT-PAZ},
   pages = {242-243},

}

@article{Boergen1980,
   author = {Boergen, K. P. and Birngruber, R. and Gorisch, W.},
   title = {Laser-Induced Endovascular Thrombosis as a Possibility of Selective Vessel Closure},
   journal = {Ophthalmic Research},
   volume = {12},
   number = {3},
   pages = {157-157},
   note = {Ju200
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0030-3747},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1980JU20000073},
   year = {1980},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Gabel1980,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Comperative Experiments on Laser Threshold in Rabbits and Human Volunteers},
   booktitle = {Proc. 3rd Internat. Congress for Laser Surgery, Part II},
   editor = {Gabler, V P and Birngruber, Reginald},
   series = {Laser Surgery},
   publisher = {OT-PAZ},
   pages = {246-249},

}

@article{Birngruber1980,
   author = {Birngruber, R. and Weinberg, W. and Gabel, V. P. and Kain, H.},
   title = {Heat Convection in the Choroid during Laser Coagulation},
   journal = {Ophthalmic Research},
   volume = {12},
   number = {3},
   pages = {157-157},
   note = {Ju200
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0030-3747},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1980JU20000072},
   year = {1980},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Birngruber1980,
   author = {Birngruber, Reginald and Weinberg, W. and Gabel, V. P. and Kain, H.},
   title = {Der Einfluß der Aderhautdurchblutung auf die Entstehung von thermischen Läsionen am Augenhintergrund},
   journal = {Ber Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges},
   volume = {77},
   pages = {705-710},
   year = {1980}
}

@article{BGB1979,
   author = {Birngruber, R. and Drechsel, E. and Hillenkamp, F. and Gabel, V. P.},
   title = {Minimal spot size on the retina formed by the optical system of the eye},
   journal = {Int Ophthalmol},
   volume = {1},
   number = {3},
   pages = {175-8},
   note = {0165-5701 (Print)
In Vitro
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
   abstract = {A knowledge of the quality of the ocular optical system is of primary importance in light- and laser-photocoagulation of the fundus. A study was therefore undertaken to determine the minimal spot size of a Helium-Neon laser focused on the retina of rabbits: freshly enucleated eyes were carefully mounted in a specially designed eye holder. A small hole was then trepanized through the sclera and neural retina in the macular region. A minimal spot was produced on the retina and the spot size was measured by scanning the intensity distribution of an enlarged image. It was shown that a diffraction limited spot size can be obtained under certain circumstances. The light scattering out of the focus, however, is about fify percent.},
   keywords = {Animals
*Lasers/therapeutic use
*Ocular Physiology
*Optics
Rabbits
Retina},
   year = {1979}
}

@article{Gabel1979,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R. and Weinberg, W. and McCord, R. and Hillenkamp, F.},
   title = {Comparison of temperature measurements and fundus reflectometry in laser coagulation},
   journal = {Mod Probl Ophthalmol},
   volume = {20},
   pages = {169-73},
   note = {0077-0078 (Print)
Comparative Study
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Animals
Color
*Fundus Oculi
*Heat
Lasers/*methods/*therapeutic use
Rabbits
Retina/*surgery
Time Factors},
   year = {1979}
}

@article{Boergen1979,
   author = {Boergen, K. P. and Birngruber, R. and Hillenkamp, F.},
   title = {Möglichkeiten einer selektiven Gefäßkoagulation am Augenhintergrund - Konsequenzen aus tierexperimentellen Modelluntersuchungen},
   journal = {Ber Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges},
   volume = {76},
   pages = {561},
   year = {1979},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Gabel1979,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Physical and Medical Aspects of Laser Safety},
   booktitle = {Laser 79, Opto-Electronics Conference proceedings},
   editor = {Waidlich, W.},
   publisher = {IPC Science and Technology Press Ltd.},
   pages = {6555-6591},
year = { 1979}

}

@article{Hillenkamp1979,
   author = {Hillenkamp, F. and R, Birngruber and Gabel, V. P.},
   title = {Laserschäden an Gewebe und Organen und ihre tierexperimentelle Untersuchung},
   journal = {PBT-OPT},
   volume = {8},
   pages = {93-112},
   year = {1979},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Gabel1979,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birnngruber, R.},
   title = {Klinische Folgerungen aus der Xanthophylleinlagerung in der Netzhautmitte.},
   journal = {Ber Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges},
   volume = {76},
   pages = {475-478},
   year = {1979}
}

@article{Birngruber1979,
   author = {Birngruber, R. and Weinberg, W. and Gabel, V. P. and Hillenkamp, F.},
   title = {Fundusreflektometrie, thermische Modellrechnungen und Temperaturmessungen als Hilfsmittel zur Optimierung der Bestrahlungsparameter bei der Photokoagulation der Netzhaut.},
   journal = {Ber Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges},
   volume = {76},
   pages = {563-567},
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-87151-1_99},
   year = { 1979}
}

@article{Boergen1979,
   author = {Boergen, K. P. and Birngruber, R. and Hillenkamp, F.},
   title = {Experimental studies on argon laser coagulation of small blood vessels},
   journal = {Mod Probl Ophthalmol},
   volume = {20},
   pages = {174-83},
   note = {0077-0078 (Print)
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Animals
Argon
Arteries/*surgery
Arterioles/*surgery/ultrastructure
Blood Coagulation
Lasers/*methods/*therapeutic use
Microscopy/methods
Neovascularization, Pathologic
Rats
Retinal Vessels/surgery},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=95029},
   year = {1979},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Weinberg1978,
   author = {Weinberg, W. and McCord, R. C. and Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R. and Boergen, K. P. and Hillenkamp, F.},
   title = {Simultanmessung von Temperaturverlauf und Weißfärbungen am Augenhintergrund während Laserkoagulationen},
   journal = {Sonderdruck aus Deutsche Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft, Bericht über die 75. Zusammenkunft in Heidelberg 1977},
   pages = {411-4},
   note = {0070-427X (Print)
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Animals
*Fundus Oculi
*Lasers/*therapeutic use
Methods
Rabbits
*Temperature},
   year = {1978}
}

@article{Welscg1978,
   author = {Welsch, H. and Birngruber, R. and Boergen, K. P. and Gabel, V. P. and Hillenkamp, F.},
   title = {[Spectral light absorption in whole blood with reference to the dispersion]},
   journal = {Ber Zusammenkunft Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges},
   number = {75},
   pages = {415},
   note = {0070-427X (Print)
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Blood/*radiation effects
*Light
Scattering, Radiation},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=743131},
   year = {1978},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Boergen1978,
   author = {Boergen, K. P. and Birngruber, R. and Brandl, H. and Gabel, V. P. and Hillenkamp, F.},
   title = {[The significance of hemoglobin absorption for selective vascular coagulation]},
   journal = {Ber Zusammenkunft Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges},
   number = {75},
   pages = {416-20},
   note = {0070-427X (Print)
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Animals
Arteries/*radiation effects
Arterioles/*radiation effects
Hemoglobins/*radiation effects
*Lasers/*therapeutic use
Rats},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=570389},
   year = {1978},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Gabel1978,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R. and Hillenkamp, F.},
   title = {Visible and near infrared light absorption in pigment epithelium and choroid.},
   booktitle = {XXIII Concilium Ophthalmologicum},
   editor = {Shimizu, Koichi},
   series = {International Congress Series No. 450},
   pages = {658-662},
year = { 1978},
URL = { https://www.bmo.uni-luebeck.de/fileadmin/files/publications/Gabel__1978_Proc._SPIE_Visible_and_near_infrared_light_absorption_in_pigment_epithelium_and_choroid.pdf}

}

@article{Stefani1978,
   author = {Stefani, F. H. and Birngruber, R. and Hillenkamp, F. and Gabel, V. P.},
   title = {Q-switched ruby laser induced damage of the adult rabbit lens capsule},
   journal = {Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol},
   volume = {206},
   number = {1},
   pages = {49-55},
   note = {0065-6100 (Print)
Journal Article},
   abstract = {The technique of Q-switched ruby laser induced mechanical destruction of the lens capsule was used to study the reactions of the adult rabbit lens. The defect produced in the anterior lens capsule was larger than the 40-60 micrometer focus, which was due to rolled-up edges of the capsule. Long-term observations revealed some decrease in size of developing localized opacification and a healing of the defect by outgrowing lens epithelium with the formation of a new capsule. The rupture of the posterior capsule led to a slowly progressive opacification with little intraocular macrophage reaction.},
   keywords = {Animals
Lasers/*adverse effects
Lens, Crystalline/*injuries/pathology
Macrophages/physiology
Rabbits
Time Factors},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=306208},
   year = {1978},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Stefani1977,
   author = {Stefani, F. H. and Birngruber, R. and Hillenkamp, F. and Gabel, V. P.},
   title = {[Lens injuries due to rubin laser giant impulses]},
   journal = {Ber Zusammenkunft Dtsch Ophthalmol Ges},
   volume = {74},
   pages = {403-6},
   note = {0070-427X (Print)
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Animals
Lasers/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use
Lens, Crystalline/*injuries
Rabbits},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=577762},
   year = {1977},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Weinberg1977,
   author = {Weinberg, W. and Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, Reginald and McCord, R.},
   title = {Zur Messung der Korrelation von Temperaturverteilung und Lichtreflexion am Augenhintergrund bei Laser-Koagulation},
   booktitle = {GSF-Bericht BPT 5},
   volume = {17},

}